Yini iirobhothi lezimboni?
"Irobhothi"igama elingukhiye elinezinhlobonhlobo zezincazelo ezishintshashintsha kakhulu. Izinto ezihlukahlukene zihlotshaniswa, njengemishini ye-humanoid noma imishini emikhulu abantu abangena ngayo futhi bayisebenzise.
Amarobhothi aqala ukukhulelwa emidlalweni kaKarel Chapek ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, abese evezwa emisebenzini eminingi, futhi imikhiqizo eqanjwe ngaleli gama isikhishiwe.
Kulo mongo, amarobhothi namuhla abhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa amarobhothi ezimboni asetshenziswe ezimbonini eziningi ukusekela izimpilo zethu.
Ngokungeziwe embonini yezimoto nezingxenye zezimoto kanye nemboni yemishini nensimbi, amarobhothi ezimboni manje asesetshenziswa ngokwandayo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okubandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor kanye nempahla.
Uma sichaza amarobhothi ezimboni ngokombono wezindima, singasho ukuthi ayimishini esiza ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ngoba ikakhulukazi azibandakanya emsebenzini onzima, umsebenzi onzima, nomsebenzi odinga ukuphindaphinda okunembayo, kunabantu.
Umlando weAmarobhothi Ezimboni
E-United States, irobhothi lokuqala lezimboni zezentengiselwano lazalwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1960.
Kwethulwa e-Japan, eyayisesikhathini sokukhula okusheshayo engxenyeni yesibili yawo-1960, imizamo yokukhiqiza nokudayisa amarobhothi ekhaya yaqala ngawo-1970.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ngenxa yokushaqeka kukawoyela okubili ngo-1973 no-1979, amanani enyuka futhi nomfutho wokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza waqina, owawuzongena kuyo yonke imboni.
Ngo-1980, amarobhothi aqala ukusabalala ngokushesha, futhi kuthiwa unyaka lapho amarobhothi aduma ngawo.
Inhloso yokusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi kusenesikhathi kwakuwukuthatha indawo yokusebenza kanzima ekukhiqizeni, kodwa amarobhothi nawo anezinzuzo zokusebenza okuqhubekayo kanye nokusebenza okuphindaphindiwe okunembile, ngakho asetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Inkambu yokufakwa kwezicelo iyakhula hhayi kuphela ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza kodwa nasemikhakheni ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa ezokuthutha kanye nezokuhamba.
Ukucushwa kwamarobhothi
Amarobhothi ezimboni anomshini ofana nowomzimba womuntu ngokuthi athwala umsebenzi kunabantu.
Ngokwesibonelo, lapho umuntu enyakazisa isandla sakhe, udlulisela imiyalo esuka ebuchosheni bakhe ngemizwa yakhe futhi anyakazise imisipha yengalo yakhe ukuze inyakaze ingalo yakhe.
Irobhothi lezimboni linomshini osebenza njengengalo nemisipha yalo, kanye nesilawuli esisebenza njengobuchopho.
Ingxenye Mechanical
Irobhothi iyiyunithi yomshini. Irobhothi litholakala ngezisindo ezihlukahlukene eziphathwayo futhi lingasetshenziswa ngokuvumelana nomsebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-robot inamalungu amaningi (abizwa ngokuthi amalunga), axhunywe ngezixhumanisi.
Iyunithi yokulawula
Isilawuli serobhothi sihambisana nesilawuli.
Isilawuli serobhothi senza izibalo ngokuya ngohlelo olugciniwe futhi sikhipha imiyalelo ku-servo motor ngokusekelwe kulokhu ukuze lilawule irobhothi.
Isilawuli serobhothi sixhunywe ku-pendant yokufundisa njengesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana nabantu, nebhokisi lokusebenza elifakwe izinkinobho zokuqala nokumisa, amaswishi ezimo eziphuthumayo, njll.
Irobhothi lixhunywe kusilawuli serobhothi ngentambo yokulawula edlulisa amandla okuhambisa irobhothi namasignali asuka kusilawuli irobhothi.
Irobhothi nesilawuli serobhothi sivumela ingalo enokunyakaza kwenkumbulo ukuthi ihambe ngokukhululeka ngokuya ngemiyalo, kodwa futhi zixhuma amadivaysi e-peripheral ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza ukwenza umsebenzi othile.
Kuye ngomsebenzi, kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene okukhweza amarobhothi ngokuhlangene abizwa ngokuthi ama-end effectors (amathuluzi), afakwe embotsheni ekhwezwayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-mechanical interface ekugcineni irobhothi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhlanganisa amadivaysi e-peripheral adingekayo, iba irobhothi lohlelo olufunayo.
※Isibonelo, ekushiseleni i-arc, isibhamu sokushisela sisetshenziswa njengesivikeli sokugcina, kanti amandla okushisela kanye nedivayisi yokuphakela kusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nerobhothi njengemishini ezungezayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzwa zingasetshenziswa njengamayunithi okuqaphela amarobhothi ukuze abone indawo ezungezile. Isebenza njengamehlo omuntu (umbono) kanye nesikhumba (ukuthinta).
Ulwazi lwento luyatholakala futhi lucutshungulwe ngenzwa, futhi ukunyakaza kwerobhothi kungalawulwa ngokuya ngesimo sento kusetshenziswa lolu lwazi.
Indlela yerobhothi
Lapho isikhohlisi serobhothi lezimboni sihlukaniswa ngendlela, cishe ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezine.
1 Irobhothi leCartesian
Izingalo ziqhutshwa amalunga okuhumusha, anezinzuzo zokuqina okuphezulu nokunemba okuphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunobubi bokuthi ububanzi bokusebenza kwethuluzi buncane uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo yokuxhumana nomhlabathi.
2 I-Cylindrical Robot
Ingalo yokuqala iqhutshwa ngokuhlanganyela okujikelezayo. Kulula ukuqinisekisa ububanzi bokunyakaza kunerobhothi lokuxhumanisa elingunxande.
3 I-Polar Robot
Ingalo yokuqala neyesibili iqhutshwa ngokuhlanganyela okujikelezayo. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi kulula ukuqinisekisa ububanzi bokunyakaza kunerobhothi yokuxhumanisa i-cylindrical. Nokho, ukubalwa kwesikhundla kuba nzima kakhulu.
4 Irobhothi Elifakiwe
Irobhothi lapho zonke izingalo zishayelwa khona amajoyinti azungezayo linobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu bokunyakaza okuhlobene nendiza ephansi.
Nakuba ubunkimbinkimbi bokusebenza buyinto embi, ubunkimbinkimbi bezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi buye benza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi icutshungulwe ngesivinini esikhulu, kube yiwona ojwayelekile wamarobhothi ezimboni.
Ngendlela, amarobhothi amaningi ezimboni ohlobo lwamarobhothi ashiwo anezimbazo eziyisithupha zokuzungeza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isikhundla nokuma kunganqunywa ngokungenasisekelo ngokunikeza amadigri enkululeko ayisithupha.
Kwezinye izimo, kunzima ukugcina isikhundla se-axis engu-6 kuye ngokuma kwe-workpiece. (Isibonelo, uma ukugoqa kuyadingeka)
Ukuze sibhekane nalesi simo, sengeze i-eksisi eyengeziwe ohlwini lwethu lwamarobhothi angu-7 futhi sandise ukubekezelelana kwesimo sengqondo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-25-2025
